Polled Perfection: Navigating Challenges in Breeding for Hornless Cattle

Breeding cattle for polledness. Polledness is a genetic trait that eliminates horns on cattle. poses both long-term benefits and significant challenges, as highlighted by a recent discussion led by Dr. Matt Kelly, principal scientist at the Australian Agricultural Co (AA Co). Dr. Kelly provided insights into AA Co’s ongoing efforts during a recent Beef Connect webinar, focusing on their initiatives with Mitchell composite cattle and Wagyu.

AA Co, known for its extensive northern breeding environments, faces two primary challenges in its polled breeding projects: maintaining focus on polledness while pursuing other breeding objectives, and addressing reproductive diseases such as trichinosis, vibrio, and pesti. Dr. Kelly emphasized that reducing the necessity for dehorning not only cuts economic losses due to bruising but also enhances safety for both animals and staff. Moreover, anticipating future consumer pressure against dehorning practices adds weight to the initiative.

The development of accurate tests for polledness has bolstered AA Co’s efforts, integrating seamlessly with their genomic practices. Dr. Kelly discussed the genetic complexities involved, noting advancements in understanding the genetic basis of polled traits and dispelling previous notions about scurs, which are small horn-like growths sometimes present even in polled cattle.

The Mitchell composite program, established since the 1980s, has seen accelerated progress with genetic testing. By 2019, all stud bulls were polled, marking a significant milestone towards their goal of achieving complete polledness in the herd by 2030. Dr. Kelly illustrated the gradual impact of these efforts, observing notable increases in polled calves within both stud and commercial herds.

Conversely, the Wagyu polled program faced initial challenges due to the scarcity of polled genetics globally. Starting from a limited base, AA Co has progressively increased the number of polled Wagyu using advanced tools like MateCell and Digital Twin for strategic breeding decisions. Dr. Kelly stressed the importance of meticulous mating designs to mitigate inbreeding risks, particularly in smaller populations, underscoring the need for continuous improvement and collaboration with academic institutions.

In conclusion, AA Co’s journey towards breeding polled cattle highlights the intricate balance between genetic advancement and practical challenges such as managing scurs and maintaining genetic diversity. As they navigate these complexities, their commitment to sustainable and welfare-conscious beef production remains steadfast, promising a future where polled cattle may become the norm rather than the exception.

This ongoing effort underscores the dedication required in genetic management, pushing boundaries to ensure both economic viability and animal welfare in beef production.

Source https://www.beefcentral.com/